In-Text Citations in Academic Writing

Analyzing In-Text Citations in an Academic Piece of Writing

            This paper reviews the use of in-text citations in an article written by Iida (2010) in terms of whether the rules prescribed by the American Psychological Association (APA, 2010) have been followed or not.

            In their article, the author has included several in-text citations mainly of books and journals. He has introduced other authors' ideas and works through parenthetical citations. It must be said that in all cases, the comma between the author and the year of publication of their work is missing. In addition, the "p" or "pp" to indicate page number has been omitted as well. One two authors are mentioned in an in-text citation, the ampersand must be used instead of the word “and” (Purdue OWL, 2013).

            The author has also used several direct quotations, which where all correctly included between double inverted commas with the period after the parenthetical citations and not before. No block quotations have been included.   

            In relation to signal phrases, the author has used only few, mostly resorting to parenthetical citations. The phrase “according to” has been overused, which seems to show poor academic style. Other phrases include “Vygotsky’s (…) theory describes”, “Bishop (…) describes” and “Hanauer (…) states”.    

            As a result of the previous analysis, it may be concluded that the author did not follow APA rules for in-text citations thoroughly.

           

           References

American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC.

Iida, A. (2010). Developing Voice by Composing Haiku: A Social-Expressivist Approach for Teaching Haiku Writing in EFL Contexts. English Teaching Forum, Nbr. 1. DOI: EJ914886
Purdue OWL (2013). In-Text Citations: Author/Authors. Retrieved October 2013, from https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/02/

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